The mainstay of treatment of wet-type age-related macular degeneration (AMD) requires the intraocular injection of medication (e.g. Avastin, Lucentis, Eylea, Beovu, and Vabysmo) to prevent loss of vision. Although effective, this treatment entails some degree of risk. For example, infection may occur at a rate of about one in one thousand to one in five thousand injections. Moreover, there may be a low increased risk of stroke.
Although some studies do not show increase risk (Campbell), other large studies have demonstrated an increased risk of stroke. In one study the increased risk of stroke appeared to be 1 in 127 patients within one year after starting treatment for AMD (Schlenker). These studies were unable to prove that the medication itself was responsible for the increased risk of stroke. For example, it may be that people with new-onset wet AMD are at a higher risk of stroke than others. In 2019 a population-based study demonstrated no increased risk of stroke and heart attack related to AMD treatment (see reference). Additional research in ongoing.
Given this information what are the options? Certainly, a patient may decide not to treat macular degeneration and risk loss of vision in an effort to decrease the risk of stroke. Another option may be to minimize the frequency of injections. That is, if the macular degeneration remains stable after several monthly injections, consider extending the time interval between injections. In this manner there is less exposure to the drug. Furthermore, if the wet-AMD appears to have reached end-stage with significant loss of vision, the injections might be stopped altogether. If done carefully, one may reduce the risk of a sudden recurrence of wet-AMD with further loss of vision while off treatment.
The type of medication used for injection has not been proven to make a difference in the risk of stroke. Although Martin et al found a slight increase in stroke risk with Avastin compared with Lucentis, these findings were not supported by Chakravarthy and Schlenker. More research is needed to better define risk of stroke and how we may minimize the risk. A recent meta-analysis of current data as of 2022 (Reibaldi) supports Lucentis over the other agents as being safer from a systemic risk of heart attack and stroke. Please refer to my blog on medication choices for treating retinal problems.
For a telemedicine consultation with Dr Pautler, please send email request to spautler@rvaf.com. We accept Medicare and most insurances in Florida. Please include contact information (including phone number) in the email. We are unable to provide consultation for those living outside the state of Florida.
References:
Ophthalmology 2012 119:1604-1608 Campbell
AJO 2015 160:569-580 Schlenker
Ophthalmology 2012 119:1388-1398 Martin
Ophthalmology 2012 119:1399-1411 Chakravarthy
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